Solve all moisture problems first
Finishing a portion of a basement is an inexpensive way to gain valuable space for a family room, game room or other use. The big question is how to finish the foundation walls. We'll assume that you have either a poured concrete or a cement block masonry wall. With either surface, the finishing options are the same.
Before beginning any work, you must determine whether your basement has any moisture problems. If your foundation walls are only damp on humid summer days, fine—you're good to go with the methods we recommend. But if you have any problems with standing or leaking water in the spring or during heavy rains, you've got some “prework” to do.
Fixes usually are as simple as adding or repairing gutters and downspouts or adjusting the grade to direct runoff water away from the house. But serious water problems may call for drastic measures like interior or exterior drain tiling, or exterior waterproofing, which could mean digging around the house or tearing up part of the slab. You must solve all water problems, or you'll risk boxing future water in behind a finished wall, ruining it. You'll end up spending hundreds of bucks re-remodeling a recently finished lower level.
Just about every carpenter or building inspector has a different opinion on how to finish walls against masonry. The methods we'll demonstrate work well in most conditions, but consult with your building inspector before beginning any work to make sure you're meeting building codes in your area.
There are two methods of finishing against masonry: fiberglass-insulated 2x4 walls and foam filled 2x2 walls. Both methods include a 3/4-in. foam moisture barrier between the framing and the foundation wall to eliminate condensation from interior humidity and to protect the walls from exterior moisture. Tack the foam to the foundation wall with a few blobs of foam construction adhesive to hold it while you frame the walls.
Method 1: A conventional wall
The easy finishing method is to simply frame conventional 2x4 stud walls with pressure treated bottom plates (the 2x4s the wall rests on) and fill the walls with fiberglass insulation. Hands down, it's the way to go—if you have oodles of space in the room you're finishing. Two-by-four walls are quick to install and there's plenty of space for electrical work. Plus, you don't have to hassle with fastening furring strips to concrete, and it's easier to cut fiberglass insulation than to fit foam. The downside is that each wall steals nearly 6 in. of floor space from the perimeter of the room.
Look at the photo below to see the details. Note that the wall is pushed against the foam and then anchored to the slab with concrete screws and to the ceiling with 3-in. drywall screws. Don't install a vapor barrier between the fiberglass and drywall because moisture will be trapped in the wall.
2x4 Framing Method
Pros: Fast to build, lots of room for wiring and plumbing.
Cons: Gobbles up 38 sq. ft. of space in a 20 x 36-ft. basement.
Note: You can download this cutaway photo and enlarge it in the Additional Information below.
Method 2: 2x2 furring strips and foam
To save precious floor space, use a thinner wall composed of 2x2s and foam insulation attached directly to the wall. Nail or screw a 2x2 to the bottom of the floor joists at the top of the wall, and screw a treated 2x4 flat against the bottom of the wall through the foam and into the concrete with 3-in. concrete screws. Then lay out the stud positions on the plates. Screw the treated 2x2s to the wall with three evenly spaced screws and fill in between with foam insulation ripped to fit. Hang the drywall with 1-1/4 in. drywall screws.
The downside is that electrical outlets and switches have special installation requirements. Cables must be at least 1-1/4 in. behind the front of the wood framing to prevent fasteners from accidentally piercing and damaging the cable. Use 1-1/4 in. deep steel boxes and run cable through EMT (electrical metallic tubing) between the furring strips to the boxes. Boxes and conduit straps are screwed through the foam and into the masonry with 1-1/2 in. concrete screws.
To save precious floor space, use a thinner wall composed of 2x2s and foam insulation attached directly to the wall. Nail or screw a 2x2 to the bot
Pros: Space efficient.
Cons: Electrical installation is tougher.
Note: You can download this cutaway photo and enlarge it in the Additional Information below.
